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Learner Models: Design, Components, Structure, and Modelling - A Systematic Literature Review

Böck, Felix; Ochs, Michaela; Henrich, Andreas; Landes, Dieter; Leidner, Jochen L....

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction.


Open Access Peer Reviewed
 

Learning is at the heart of every progress the human species makes. It is most effective when it considers who we are as individuals, what learning approach we prefer and what we already know to begin with. In the digital age, we strive to capture such information in the form of a digital representation -- the so-called learner model --, to tailor learning-related systems to this information and build upon it to create more personalised learning experiences. Over recent years, the proliferation of diverse models across various educational applications and disciplines has made it challenging to access targeted research.

In this survey, we aim to address this gap, reviewing the latest advances in learner modelling and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing approaches, focusing on developments from 2014 to 2023. With the help of a systematic literature review, we want to provide designers and developers of learner models with a structured overview and simplified entrance into the topic and the field of learner models. We investigate the question: What do learner models look like and how are they filled, kept up-to-date, and used?

To this end, we analyse and classify existing approaches. Our findings provide a comprehensive and structured overview of the field of learner modelling, allowing researchers to navigate and understand the diverse approaches more easily and providing developers of learner models or adaptive systems with a practical tool to access relevant information according to their needs.


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Ästhetik und Bauen: Die Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung und ihre ästhetische “Benutzeroberfläche“

Heinrich, Michael (2025)

Impulsvortrag, kreativgelöst: Zukunft Bauen. Neue kreative Impulse aus Architektur, Design, Forschung sowie Stadt- und Leerstandsplanung. Thüringen Kreativ/ Thüring. Wirtschaftsministerium.



Entwicklung und Anwendung von Methoden der KI und 5G -Schlussbericht zu AP6

Arbeiter, Georg; Patiño Studencki, Lucila (2025)


Open Access
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Investigations on algorithm selection for interval-based coding methods

Strutz, Tilo; Schreiber, Nico (2025)

Multimedia Tools and Applications.
DOI: 10.1007/s11042-025-20971-3


Peer Reviewed
 

There is a class of entropy-coding methods which do not substitute symbols by code words (such as Huffman coding), but operate on intervals or ranges and thus allow a better approximation of the data entropy. This class includes three prominent members: conventional arithmetic coding, range coding, and coding based on asymmetric numeral systems. To determine the correct symbol in the decoder, each of these methods requires the comparison of a state variable with subinterval boundaries.

In adaptive operation, considering varying symbol statistics, an array of interval boundaries must additionally be kept up to date. The larger the symbol alphabet, the more time-consuming both the search for the correct subinterval and the updating of interval borders become. These entropy coding methods play an important role in all data transmission and storage applications, and optimising speed can be crucial.

Based on detailed pseudo-code, different known and proposed approaches are discussed to speed up the symbol search in the decoder and the adaptation of the array of interval borders, both depending on the chosen alphabet size. It is shown that reducing the big O complexity in practical implementations does not necessarily lead to an acceleration, especially if the alphabet size is too small. For example, the symbol determination at the decoder shows an expected low cpu-clock ratio (O(logn) algorithm versus O(n) algorithm) of about 0.62 for an alphabet with 256 symbols. However, for an alphabet with only 4 symbols, this ratio is 1.05, that means the algorithm with lower theoretical complexity executes slightly faster here. In adaptive compression mode, the binary indexing (BI) method proves to be superior when considering the overall processing time. Although the symbol search (in the decoder) takes longer than using other algorithms (e.g. cpu-clock ratio BI/O(logn) is 1.57), the faster updating of the array of interval borders more than compensates for this disadvantage (total ratio BI/O(logn) is 0.72). A variant of the binary indexing method is proposed, which is more flexible and has a partially lower complexity than the original approach. Specifically, the rescaling of cumulative counts can be reduced in its complexity from O(4n+[log2(n)−2]·n/2) to O(3n).

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Sustainable Entrepreneurship in German Rural Areas: A Survey and Implications for Entrepreneurship Education and Support Programs

Schadt, Christian; Zagel, Christian; Koch, Janine (2025)

The Human Side of Service Engineering. AHFE (2025) International Conference. AHFE Open Access, vol 182. AHFE International, USA.http://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006403 182, 1-8.


Open Access Peer Reviewed
 

Results from studies indicate that starting a sustainability-oriented business is associated with specific challenges. Our aim therefore was to investigate the mindset and needs of sustainable entrepreneurs, focusing on their motivations, challenges and support requirements during the establishment of sustainability-oriented start-ups. The focus was on respective start-ups in two rural and rather conservative regions in Germany. Together with an interdisciplinary group of students at a university course, we conducted guideline-based interviews with N=14 founders of sustainability-oriented enterprises from different business sectors. The interviews were analysed using a category system aligned with the study’s objectives. Findings highlight that sustainable thinking is deeply embedded in the respondents' values, often prioritizing ethical considerations over profit maximization. Many of them face a tension between sustainability and profitability, as sustainable products tend to be more expensive, and there is uncertainty about the availability of willing customers. Moreover, the research identifies specific support needs, including assistance with bureaucratic processes, networking opportunities, and strategies for customer acquisition. We derive implications for higher education institutions’ education as well as for external programmes to support (prospective) sustainable entrepreneurs.

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Droplet-Based Measurements of DNA-Templated Nanoclusters—Towards Point-of-Care Applications

Kluitmann, Jonas; Di Fiore, Stefan; Nölke, Greta; Drese, Klaus Stefan (2025)

Biosensors 15 (7), 417.
DOI: 10.3390/bios15070417


Open Access
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Schönheit ist funktional. Über die Bedeutung ästhetischer Qualitäten von öffentlichen Räumen für eine Stadtgesellschaft

Heinrich, Michael (2025)

Immer modern: Aufbruch, Hrsg. Architekten- und Ingenieursverein Berlin-Brandenburg AIV-BB, Wasmuth Verlag, Berlin 2025 (1), 102-117.



Gestalterisches Forschen und Kreativität im Bezugsrahmen der Humanorientierung

Heinrich, Michael (2025)

Gestalterisches Forschen, Neuwerk Magazin für Designwissenschaften, Kunsthochschule Burg Giebichenstein, Halle 2025 (1), 122-138.



Die Bedeutung von Ästhetik für das Wohlbefinden des Menschen in der gebauten Umwelt

Heinrich, Michael (2025)

Vortrag und Diskussion, Tag der Architektur des BDA, Berlin, WES Landschaftsarchitektur.



Die Vielschichtigkeit ästhetischen Erlebens

Heinrich, Michael (2025)

Impulsvortag und Panelbeitrag, Ligeti-Zentrum, Hamburg (Laboratorien für Innovationen und Gesellschaftliche Entwicklung durch den Transfer von Ideen).



Steuerliche Anerkennung inkongruenter Gewinnausschüttungen

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 37-39.



Abgrenzung von Anlagevermögen und Umlaufvermögen

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 53-56.



Steuerfreiheit von Aufstockungsbeträgen nach dem AltTZG

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 60-63.



Kein Arbeitslohn bei schenkungsweiser Übertragung von Gesellschaftsanteilen zur Sicherung der Unternehmensnachfolge

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 65-68.



Basiszins zur Berechnung der Vorabpauschale gemäß § 18 Abs. 4 InvStG

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 75-77.



Verschmelzung mit steuerlicher Rückwirkung: kein Ausgleich von Gewinnen des Rückwirkungszeitraums mit einem Verlustrücktrag

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 77-80.



Familienstiftung als Finanzunternehmen im Sinne des § 8b Abs. 7 Satz 2 KStG 2011

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 80-83.



Gewinnrücklage bei Übernahme von Pensionsverpflichtungen

Demmler, Uwe (2025)

Steuerrecht aktuell 2025 (1), 57-60.



Real-Time GPU Tree Generation

Kuth, Bastian; Oberberger, Max; Faber, Carsten; Pfeifer, Pirmin; Seyedmasih, Tabaei...



Wie viel Heizlast ist genug? Einfluss der Heizlast-Berechnungsmethodik auf die Dimensionierung von Wärmepumpen.

Schaub, Michael; Floß, Alexander (2025)

cci Zeitung 2025 (07), 17-18.


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