Serexhe, Bernhard; Weibel, Peter; Markert, Michael (2007)
Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) Karlsruhe – Wolfgang von Kempelen: Man-(in the)-Machine. Mensch-(in der)-Maschine.
Wolf, Conrad R.; Ladenburger, Andreas; Enchelmaier, Rainer; Thonke, Klaus; Sauer, Rolf (2006)
Wolf, Conrad R.; Ladenburger, Andreas; Enchelmaier, Rainer; Thonke, Klaus...
MRS Fall Meeting 2006 (Boston, USA).
We present a technique to contact individual silicon quantum dots (QDs) by nano-electrodes making use of a self-alignment effect. Starting from an ultra thin silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate we employ self-assembled gold colloidal particles as an etch mask. These particles are deposited onto the substrate using aminosilane [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane] as an adhesion agent yielding a sub-monolayer sample coverage. The QDs are then fabricated by applying a CF4 reactive ion etch (RIE) process to remove the silicon layer everywhere except below the gold colloids. Subsequently, the colloidal mask is removed by a wet chemical etch and 100-200 nm wide metal wires are patterned by electron beam lithography (EBL) onto the QD-covered samples. A nanometer-sized gap is created in these wires by a controlled electromigration process. The metal wires will preferentially break at the positions of the QDs, because the metal layer is dilated there resulting in a locally higher current density. This leads to a self-alignment effect of the evolving nano-electrodes with respect to the QDs. The native oxide of the silicon QDs is used as a tunneling barrier leading to a single-electron device. The oxide thickness can be increased in a controlled manner by self-limiting thermal oxidation to adjust the tunneling resistance. Finally, I(V)-traces of these devices are collected at liquid helium temperature. They show clear Coulomb blockade behavior as well as Coulomb staircase features.
Wolf, Conrad R.; Ladenburger, Andreas; Enchelmaier, Rainer; Thonke, Klaus; Sauer, Rolf (2006)
Wolf, Conrad R.; Ladenburger, Andreas; Enchelmaier, Rainer; Thonke, Klaus...
MRS Online Proceedings Library 958, 1021.
DOI: 10.1557/PROC-0958-L10-21
In this paper we present a novel approach to fabricate single-electron devices utilizing different self-organization and self-alignment effects. Silicon quantum dots (QDs) are obtained employing reactive ion etching (RIE) into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate with a self-assembled etch mask. Electrodes with nanometer separation are fabricated and aligned to the QDs by means of a controlled electromigration process. The tunneling rates of the devices are defined by the native oxide covering the silicon QDs and can be adjusted by self-limiting thermal oxidation. The devices show clear Coulomb blockade behavior as well as Coulomb staircase features. In some samples also a gate influence is present giving rise to Coulomb diamonds in the differential conductance diagram.
Kohls, Niko; Walach, H. (2006)
Spirituality & Health International, 7(3), 125-150., S. 125-150.
Kohls, Niko (2006)
Congress Diversity and Debate in Alternative and Complementary Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Kohls, Niko (2006)
Commentary on Simmonds (2006) and Cahn & Polich, (2006). Spirituality & Health International, 8 (1), p 44–53. 8 (1), S. 44-53.
Funke, Susanne A.; Otte , Nikolaj ; Eggert, Thorsten ; Bocola, Marco ; Jaeger, Karl-Erich ; Thiel , Walter (2005)
Funke, Susanne A.; Otte , Nikolaj ; Eggert, Thorsten ; Bocola, Marco ...
Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 18, 11, S. 509-514.
DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzi062
Demmler, Uwe (2005)
2005.
Walach, H.; Kohls, Niko; Belschner, W. (2005)
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol; 55: 405-415., S. 405-415.
Walach, H.; Kohls, Niko (2005)
In: Beauducel, A., Biehl, B., Bosnjak, M., Conrad, W., Schönberger, G. & Wagner, D. (Eds.), Multivariate Research Strategies – Festschrift for Werner W. Wittmann (pp. 151 – 172). Aachen: Shaker., S. 151-172.
Eggert, Thorsten ; Funke, Susanne A.; Rao , Nalam M.; Acharya , Priyamvada ; Krumm, Holger; Reetz , Manfred T. ; Jaeger, Karl-Erich (2005)
Eggert, Thorsten ; Funke, Susanne A.; Rao , Nalam M.; Acharya , Priyamvada ...
ChemBioChem 6, 6, S. 1062-1067.
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400417
Kohls, Niko (2004)
Vortrag, Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie Göttingen. DGPS Abstracts, S. 364., S. 364.
Wolf, Conrad R. (2004)
Fachhochschule Ulm.
Kohls, Niko; Walach, H. (2004)
Proceedings of Presented Papers Parapsychological Association in Wien, S. 319 – 320., S. 319-320.
Melville, David O. S.; Blaikie, R. J.; Wolf, Conrad R. (2004)
Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 (22), S. 4403-4405.
DOI: 10.1063/1.1757644
Optical imaging through a thin planar silver layer has been achieved by utilizing near-field lithography techniques. A 120 nm thick silver lens that was placed 60 nm below a patterned mask, imaged the mask’s features onto a photosensitive material located 60 nm below the silver. The entire structure was exposed from above with a mercury lamp. Features sizes as small as 350 nm (at a 700 nm period) were imaged onto the photosensitive material, demonstrating the lensing ability of the planar silver slab.
Walach, H.; Kohls, Niko (2003)
Book of Abstracts. Society for Psychotherapy Research - 34th Annual Meeting, Weimar, S. 122 – 123., S. 122-123.
Funke, Susanne A.; Eipper, Andreas ; Reetz , Manfred T. ; Otte , Nikolaj ; Thiel , Walter ; von Pouderoyen , Gertie ; Dijkstra , Bauke W.; Jaeger, Karl-Erich ; Eggert, Thorsten (2003)
Funke, Susanne A.; Eipper, Andreas ; Reetz , Manfred T. ; Otte , Nikolaj ...
Biocatalysis and Biotransformation
Volume 21, 21, 2, S. 67-73..
DOI: 10.1080/1024242031000110847
Kohls, Niko; Walach, H.; Kress, G. (2002)
Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Berlin, Posterbeitrag..
Kohls, Niko; Friedl, Cosima; Harald, Wallach (2001)
In W. Belschner, J. Galuska, H. Walach & E. Zundel (Eds.), Perspektiven Transpersonaler Forschung. Jahresband 1 des DKTP (pp. 89-116). Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag., S. 89-116.
Müller, G.F.; Kohls, Niko (2001)
Deutsches Ärzteblatt (98), Ausgabe 14, p 895-896., S. 895-896.
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